Seeds Flying Away

Seeds Flying Away, a photo by Lauren Tucker Photography on Flickr.

A photo showing the very efficient fruit dispersal by wind of thistles, which are relatives of dandelions. Both are the sunflower family, Asteraceae.

Art design: Cattails and reeds as fabric print

Swedish designed and printed fabric from Ljungbergs Textiltryck, called 'Kaveldun' (=cat tail). Lovely. Cat tails (Typha) is in its own family, and reed is Phragmites in the grass family.  Both are wetland plants, and common both in Europe and North America. I love the cigar-shaped dense flower heads of the cat tails. Phragmites is among the most widespread plants in the world. There is some artistic freedom in this pattern; in real life cat tail stems never branch as shown in this print.

Species: cattail, Typha sp., Typhaceae
Species: common reed, Phragmites sp., Poaceae

Image © Ljungbergs Textiltryck, 'Kaveldun'

In the news: Survival of agricultural weeds

A press release on ScienceDaily summarizes a new study comparing how long seeds from two species of weeds (Chenopodium and Amaranthus, Amaranthaceae) survive under conventional vs. organic farming:

Organic and conventional farming methods compete to eliminate weed seeds in soil

The answer: no strong conclusion either way, the result is mixed. Here is the original article: LINK (doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/WS-D-10-00142.1)

A fence won't stop a weed

Here are some stems of poison ivy, climbing up a chain link fence at Rutgers University campus, without any problems at all. In fact, I bet the plant will win over the fence in a few years.

Species: poison ivy, Toxicodendron radicans, Anacardiaceae
[photo by Vilseskogen on Flickr, Creative Commons]

Weedy moss on a brick building

Brick wall mosses, photo by Vilseskogen on Flickr (Creative Commons license)

Mosses can be weeds too.  I remember reading that the best way to get rid of moss is to scrub the bricks with bleach with an old toothpaste.  Who would do that?  Remove this gorgeous beauty?

Art design: Dandelion wall paper by MissPrint

There is a very cool wall paper design based on a mobile of dandelions (Taraxacum vulgare, Asteraceae) designed and sold by MissPrint, a small UK company in several colors.
[image used with permission from MissPrint]

Need to see how a dandelion looks like?  Here!
This design actually looks a bit more like Queen Anne's lace when you see the fruiting heads side-ways, but the design is named 'Dandelion' so that the designer's creative freedom showing off.
Species: dandelion, Taraxacum vulgare, Asteraceae

Design: Lamp "Maskros" (= dandelion) from IKEA

 

Nice!

[photo by Vilseskogen, Flickr, Creative Commons]
Species: dandelion, Taraxacum vulgare, Asteraceae

Species: Multi-flora rose

One of the worst weeds in New Jersey is this gorgeous red-fruited rose, multiflora rose (Rosa multiflora).  It spreads its thorny, fast-growing, end-rooting branches like wild fire in the open meadows, and is hard to kill off.  But the fruits, true but small rosehips, are gorgeous in the December sun. This species is a horrible invasive in the US and originally from Asia.

Species: multiflora rose, Rosa multiflora, Rosaceae
[image by Vilseskogen on Flickr, Creative Commons]

Goats love weeds...

They love them so much they eat them to death, and this is being used in Los Angeles (California, USA) by Environmental Land Management who rent out weed-cleaning goats.  You can read the story here in New York Times.

Drought-tolerant gardening in Austin, TX

Instead of pouring rare water over lawns of grasses not adapted to heat and drought, plant a prairie of native plants that you let go brown in the summer drought. A great article on projects like this in Austin, TX was recently published in The New York Times.  A short excerpt, showing how perception is strongly linked to knowledge (or lack thereof) for many people:

“People were asking: ‘What are all these weeds? Why aren’t we mowing?’ ” Mr. Simmons said. So he started giving talks to the community, and his team gave tours and handed out educational material.
“Six months later, when we decided to mow, to make the wildflowers show up better in the spring, we got all these calls saying, ‘Why are you mowing down our prairie?’ ” he said.

Product: Weed trimmer toy

The toy that creates people with OCD gardening syndrome - a Home Depot toy weed trimmer.  It is only $9.98, and a great buy of plastic made in China, I bet.  Give the kid a real metal shovel instead to dig up some thistle roots. Let kids do real things, and learn about the real outdoors.  But maybe that is too much to hope for, when there are so many gadget-happy parents in the US.

Not all weeds are edible or even palatable...

Smokey The Cat tried out some leaves of the yellow foxtail (Setaria, Poaceae), but spat them out.  When it comes to edible plants, it is important to remember that some things that are edible do not really taste good, and that some things that taste good actually are toxic.  So, don't go by the taste only.

[photo by Vilseskogen, Flickr, Creative Commons]

How to identify weed species

To be able to identify plants to a certain species, you will need a good flora, a handlens, and a little patience while you learn the botanical terminology that describes plant features (stipules, petiole, sepals, and things like that). 

Some plant groups are a lot harder to identify than others, like the Polygonum genus in the rhubarb family Polygonaceae for example (see photo above). For them you will have to look at tiny hairs and glands through the handlens, but for many others it is enough to compare the photos in a photo flora.  It depends. But to be sure, then you need a book (flora) that includes all the species in our area and usually something to magnify the plant with.

If you find something that looks unusual, you can always press and dry it and show it to a botanist later for confirmation.  A photo is often helpful, but many species you can't tell apart from photos.
[photo by Vilseskogen, Flickr, Creative Commons]

Red berries mean bird-dispersal

When you see a plant with red, fleshy berries, then its fruits are most likely eaten and dispersed around by birds.  Here is an example, the invasive species Amur honeysuckle (Lonicera mackii, Caprifoliaceae):

Birds are attracted to red, a color many other animals can't see, and since birds fly about, bird-dispersed plants are often widely spread, including to far away islands.

Keep in mind that about 50% of red fruits are toxic to humans, but not to birds, since their stomach acids are less strong, and their digestion works faster, so the toxins in the seeds are therefore not affecting the birds as strongly.

Do not eat any red berries if you aren't 100% sure what species it is. Unless you are a bird of course.
[photo by Vilseskogen, Flickr, Creative Commons]

The salad is at your feet

Jane Kramer writes about her foraging adventures in Europe in The New Yorker article The Food at Our Feet.  On the New York Times blog City Room, they have a series in Urban Foraging by Ava Chin, writing about purslane picked from the sidewalks of the city, and much more.

Species: purslane, Portulaca oleracea, Portulaceae

Abner Weed, founder of the town of Weed, CA, USA

The tiny lumber town of Weed in California got its name after Abner Weed, and they have a Weed Historic Museum (another link). Of course, the museum is not about weeds, but about the town, but I wonder how Abner Weed got his name in the first place.

If you do a search for the last name Weed on FamilySearch.org, a genealogy website, you get over 130,000 people named Weed. But the same person is listed several times, since Abner Weed has over 6000 hits, and many might be the same person listed several times.

He was born in Maine, moved to California, and the 1910 US Census list a rather mixed group of people in his household; his wife Rachel and himself, both 67, and 9 males of 18-35 years of age. None of them had his last name, but non-English names such as Yuck Wa Wong, Franz, Luigi Panzera, and Florence Rossi - I wonder if they were workers renting rooms from the Weed family.

Another entry in the 1910 census listed Abner and Rachel and two sons. And a third census entry, under his son's name, lists his father, and another giant row of mill workers.

Hard to keep track of all these Weeds for the census workers back then. So some research is needed to really figure out who lived with who...

"In its early days, Weed was like other towns of the wild west. Weed acquired a bad reputation, which later was used to vilify it for many years. The Redding Free Press described Weed as the "Sodom and Gomorrah of Siskiyou County." That description was not without some justification. Whiskey, cards, a pocket full of money, or an empty pocket, and a beautiful woman occasioned many of the joys and also the tragic events of the town. Gun shot wounds and murder were occasional happenings." (source)

The world's largest sawmill was here in the 1940s, says Wikipedia.
[Image by Corey Denis, Flickr, Creative Commons license]

Climate change scenarios in New York State, what about the weeds?

From the 2011 report on the potential long-term effects of climate change in New York State (pdf here, very interesting read):

"Carbon dioxide fertilization tends to preferentially increase the growth rate of fast-growing species, which are often weeds and other invasives."

"Increased weed and pest pressure associated with longer growing seasons and warmer winters will be an increasingly important challenge."

Iowa's old cocklebur farms

From an article in New York Times, about how the high crop prices are making farmers plow and put golfcourses and old, unused farmland into agriculture again:

In Iowa, the nation’s biggest producer of corn and soybeans, farmers insist that they are simply getting more value from their land. Darrell Coddington, a farmer who runs an excavation business, has spent much of the past year clearing additional land in the hilly and wooded southern part of the state, including places that used to be left alone and derided as a “cocklebur farm,” referring to the thorny weed.

Cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium) is a very interesting-looking plant. It is in the Asteraceae, the sunflower family, but the fruits are covered with horrid, sharp spines (easy to get around if you are stuck to an animal!). It used to be the perfect food for the now extinct parrots of the South; now however, it is an invasive weed that loves rich and often sandy soil.  It is a nasty thing to step on and is also toxic.  Any good features? Sure, it makes a yellow dye and it repels pests from crop plants close to it.

Company named after weeds: Dandelion Corporation

Dandelion Corporation is an advertising company in Newport Beach, CA, USA has a homepage with a dandelion on it.  'Like dandelion fruits we want to spread our ads through the air', or something like that.  They actually didn't say that, it is my interpretation on why you would want to pick Dandelion as your company profile.  Millions of little downy parachutes sailing effortlessly through the air, spreading your marketing efforts. Here is the homepage, and I especially like the soil on the bottom.

Species: dandelion (Taraxacum officinale, Asteraceae)

Weeds in advertising: GM China

A giant field full of dandelion heads releasing their seeds in the wind, who would have thought of that as an ad for GM? Link to image and info: Print advertisement for GM China by Bates Advertising.

I guess GM wants the symbolism of all the green, as in green = good, or is it something about weeds spreading far and taking over?

(species: dandelion, Taraxacum officinale, Asteraceae)

Sculpture art inspired by weeds: Beverly Penn

From dusty, dry Texas roads (I imagine), artist and art professor Beverly Penn gathers weeds and uses them as inspiration for her exquisite metal sculptures.

The statement for her 2006 show puts both weeds and society in perspective:

"At least since the advent of agriculture in the Neolithic Age, humans have been attempting to control and improve nature, a process that increased in magnitude and momentum during the industrial period. We created machines that are quicker and stronger than we are, and modes of transportation, communication and building construction that are ever more rapid and more predictable. In the wall-hung sculptures that comprise Weeds, artist Beverly Penn addresses the sacrifices that accompany these capabilities, such as escalating energy emissions, disappearing forests, and compromised personal privacy and identity."
 [source]
 
More of her works at Lisa Sette Gallery. There are several plant species used in her work, at least thistles (Cirsium?, Asteraceae) and knapweed (Centaurea, Asteraceae), but also others.  I would have to look at them closer to be able to guess better.

Weed whackers and the nature of weeds

'Coal and Ice' (Seamus) on Flickr took this great photo of weed removal tools, and also wrote a long and insightful piece as part of the photo description.  Head over to Flickr and read it here. 


Do you know all the tools?  There is a scythe, string trimmer, Ryobi, grass whip, clippers, Fux, weed cutter, corn knife...  Coal and Ice has it all explained in his post on Flickr.

[Photo (c) Coal and Ice, Flickr]

Species: Yarrow and nosebleeds

The weed yarrow is a native here in the US, but it is also present in Asia and Europe.  It has been used medicinally for a long time.  Its botanical name, Achillea millefolium (Asteraceae), is of course after the Greek god Achilles, and millefolium after a 'thousand leaves' since the leaves are so finely dissected. 

When I was a kid in Sweden, they told us stories how in the old times, school kids would take a piece of the leaves, which have sharp tips on each little leaflet, and put it in their nostrils before a boring class at school.  A while in during the lesson, the kid would just slightly touch its nose, and a profuse nosebleed would start, and wow, the kids got immediately excused from class.

Yarrow is also cultivated here in the US, so it is one of those weeds that the horticulturalists can't really decide if it is good or bad.  Maybe it is just an interesting plant?

Species: Yarrow (Achillea millefolium, Asteraceae)

[Image from Lindman's Bilder ur Nordens Flora (Swedish), public domain]

Species: Indian Balsam

This gorgeous flowering plant, up to 3 m tall, is an invasive wetland and wet soil weed in Sweden.

It is native to India and was first found in Stockholm harbor in 1928, and now it is common in many parts of southern and central Sweden, especially around Stockholm. This photo is from an area north of Stockholm, in Gävle near the Baltic Coast.

The fruits are impatient, thereby the genus name Impatiens. When you touch the mature fruit it explodes in your hand (video here) and the seeds are shot away to new places for new plants to grow. But the flowers of this invasive are gorgeous, dark pink and orchid like.

Species: Indian balsam, Impatiens glandulifera (Balsaminaceae)
[photo credit: Vilseskogen on Flickr, Creative Commons licensing]